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tokonoma@°ΜΤ | ||||||
KEY WORD :@architecture / tea houses | ||||||
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Lit.
alcove room. A *tatami
τ mat room with a small alcove. There are various theories about the origin
of the alcove. It may have been a sleeping alcove, built just large enough
for bedding. Later the alcove floor was raised above the level of the floor.
The alcove was then enlarged to the size of two mats, and then it contracted
again to one raised mat. The alcove thus became the honored seat for a guest
of high rank. The other mat was placed at floor level. On occasion, a cozy
alcove was formed by screens surrounding this type of arrangement. In the
Kamakura period, to the latter part of the Muromachi period, the alcove had a raised floor and could be used as a seat or a platform.
By the end of the Kamakura period, a Buddhist picture was hung on the wall
and was the focal point of the tokonoma. A board to display objects
*oshi-ita Β, was
set before the wall hanging, on which were exhibited a vase of flowers,
an incense burner and a candlestick. These three things are important to
Buddhism and are referred to as the three implements, mitsugusoku
Oο«. In the Muromachi period, it became customary to hang a
scroll with a Zen priest's calligraphic inscription, along with the vase
of flowers and the incense burner. The candlestick was omitted then. By
the Momoyama period, the alcove took on its familiar form and
was used principally for displaying treasured art objects. The size and arrangement of the alcove varied according to the diversified tastes of the tea masters. An old record, for instance, mentions an alcove 180cm long attached to a tea ceremony room *chashitsu Ί used by Murata Jukou Ίcμυ (1423-1502). This alcove was pasted with white Japanese paper called *torinokogami ΉΜq and had frames that were covered with black lacquer. Takeno Jouou μΠ¨ (1502-55) preferred a smaller alcove and tea ceremony room. Sen Rikyuu ηx (1522-91) used alcoves with styles familiar today. Characteristics from both the *shoin @ style alcoves and the styles of alcoves found in tea architecture were fused to produce the alcove common to ordinary dwellings. Tokonoma are called a great variety of names such as kamizadokoγΐ° (upper seat alcove), and shimozadokoΊΐ° (lower seat alcove). Sometimes tokonoma are named after the tea master who designed them, for example *oribedoko D°, or for the particular width of the alcove, such as *daimedoko δΪ°. See *hondoko {°, plain wooden alcove *itadoko Β°, a tatami mat alcove *tatamidoko τ°, *fumikomidoko ₯°, *kekomidoko R°, *murodoko Ί°, *horadoko ΄°, *fukurodoko ά°, *kabedoko Η°, *okidoko u°, *tsukedoko t°, *tsuridoko ή°, *masudoko °, *kasumidoko ΰ°, *ensoudoko ~°, *gensoudoko ΄Υ°, *nurimawashidoko hτ°. |
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. fΪΜeLXgEΚ^ECXgΘΗASΔΜRecΜ³f‘»E]ΪπΦΆά·B |
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