@
torinokogami@’Ή‚ΜŽqŽ†
KEY WORD :@art history / paintings
@
Also written ’ΉŽqŽ†. Sometimes abbreviated to torinoko. An eggshell colored, handmade paper *washi ˜aŽ† made from ganpi Šε”η fibres *ganpishi Šε”ηŽ† and sometimes with a mix of additional fibres, such as mitsumata ŽOž“, see *mitsumatagami ŽOž“Ž†. Produced in Settsu Ϋ’Γ (now Hyougo prefecture) and Echizen ‰z‘O (now Fukui prefecture), see *echizengami ‰z‘OŽ†.
A fine textured, paper with a smooth, glossy surface, making it ideal for kana ‰Ό–Ό calligraphy. Torinoko means "hen's egg" the color of which is similar to this paper. It evolved in the 14c and has been produced in Japan since the late Nara period, when it was known as hishi ”γŽ†, and was used for copying Buddhist sutra scrolls kyoukan ŒoŠͺ. During the Heian period it was used for writing collections of waka ˜a‰Μ poems.
Torinoko is classified according to its quality, which is related to the quantity of ganpi it contains. The highest class is tokugou “Α†, and is made from pure ganpi. Other grades add progressively larger quantities of mitsumata and pulp, which are thought to lower the quality. Untreated torinoko paper absorbs ink, while paper treated with resin during the production process repels ink and has such a high resistant, shiny, beautiful surface, it has earned it the nickname "the king of washi". Thick paper, known simply as torinoko or *atsuyou Œϊ—l, and is used for sliding doors *fusuma ‰¦, origami άŽ†, poem cards *shikishi FŽ† and *tanzaku ’Zϋ, diplomas, and artwork such as calligraphy, drawing and painting. Thin varieties of torinoko, referred to as gampishi or *usuyou ”–—l, and are used for preparatory designs and sketches to be reproduced in printing processes. Ganpi produces a strong paper but it tends to expand or contract according to humidity conditions, making it unsuitable for further processing. For this reason mulberry kouzo žΈ can be added to reinforce the fibres. Torinoko with added kouzo fibres *choshi žΈŽ† is known as hankusa-torinoko ”Ό‘’Ή‚ΜŽq. A version of torinoko made of pulp instead of ganpi is called shin-torinoko V’Ή‚ΜŽq.
@
@

@
REFERENCES:
@
EXTERNAL LINKS: 
@@
NOTES
@

(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
ŒfΪ‚ΜƒeƒLƒXƒgEŽΚ^EƒCƒ‰ƒXƒg‚ȂǁA‘S‚Δ‚ΜƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Μ–³’f•‘»E“]Ϊ‚π‹Φ‚Ά‚ά‚·B
@