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kijinmen 鬼神面 | ||||||
KEY WORD : art history / sculptures | ||||||
Kijin
masks. Masks representing gods who dispel evil, animal spirits, and Buddhist deities,
particularly as used in the *nou
能 theater. All kijin masks have an exaggerated sense of violent movement,
large ears, and metallic gold eyeballs and teeth. Within the kijin mask
category, there are several sub-categories: *ootobide 大飛出 (bulging eyes)
are strong gods with visible tongues, open mouths, and eyes that pop out; *oobeshimi 大べし見 are demons with clenched mouths; *ooakujou 大悪尉 are fierce, old men. Other
types include the deity *tenjin
天神, the devilish *shigami
顰, the lion *shishiguchi
獅子口 and the Chinese fox *yakan
野干. While the types of kijinmen used in the no theater were mostly produced
and perfected in the Kamakura period, the first kijinmen
can be found before nou theater began. Precursors to nou kijinmen
were used in rituals to exorcise evil spirits and sickness gyoudoumen 行道面.
The strong clenched mouth of oobeshimi and the sticking out tongue of ootobide probably date back to such rituals and functioned as devices to scare away evil
spirits. Influences of older traditions can be seen: ootobide and tenjin hark back to Chinese-derivative bugaku masks *bugakumen
舞楽面, tenjin and ooakujou are influenced by dragon masks, and oobeshimi
and shishiguchi derive from gigaku masks *gigakumen
伎楽面 of the guardian spirits, *Kuron
崑崙 and *Rikishi 力士. Many
of the kijinmen are attributed to Shakuzuru Yoshinari 赤鶴吉成 (15c). Shikami
is attributed to Yasha 夜叉(15c). See *jissaku
十作. |
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*noumen 能面 | ||||||
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NOTES: | ||||||
(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System. No reproduction or republication without written permission. 掲載のテキスト・写真・イラストなど、全てのコンテンツの無断複製・転載を禁じます。 |
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