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shishiguchi@Ž‚ŽqŒϋ
KEY WORD :@1, 2 architecture / roofing tiles @3 art history /sculptures
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1@Lit. lion-mouth tile. An ornamental tile placed on each end of a main ridge, instead of the more common ogre face tile *onigawara ‹SŠ’. The origin of the name is not clear. Shishiguchi are box-like forms with three or five tubular shapes on top and have semi-circular convex tiles *marugawara ŠΫŠ’ with pendants *gatou Š’“– attached. The pendants are usually decorated with comma patterns *tomoemon ”b•Ά surrounded by bead patterns *shumon Žμ•ΆAalthough some are undecorated. The patterns are said to represent sutra rolls. One or two chevron bands *ayasuji ˆ»‹Ψ in relief decorate the front of the tile and sometimes continue around the sides. During the Momoyama period legs, ashimoto ‘«Œ³, or fins *hire •h, were often added, often using cloud or plant motifs. There are no examples extant from before the Kamakura period, but picture scrolls *emaki ŠGŠͺ, show buildings roofed with cypress bark shingles hiwada •O”η with a tiled ridge and shishiguchi at each end. The oldest extant shishiguchi is on the miniature shrine *zushi ~Žq in the *Shouryouin Ή—μ‰@ at Houryuuji –@—²Ž› in Nara. Examples of shishiguchi exist from the Muromachi period up to the present day. In the Edo period shishiguchi were known as either goshomune oni-ita ŒδŠ“‹S”Β or goshooni ŒδŠ‹S. See *kyou-no-maki Œo‚ΜŠͺ, *ayasuji ˆ»‹Ψ.
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*kyou-no-maki Œo‚ΜŠͺ
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*ayasuji ˆ»‹Ψ
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Kenchouji Soumon Œš’·Ž›‘–ε
(Kanagawa)
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2@See *shishimado Ž‚Žq‘‹.

3@Also *Shishi ŽtŽq. A noh mask *noumen ”\–Κ representing a type of Chinese lion. Like a roaring lion, shishiguchi has a squarely open mouth displaying metallic gold teeth, fangs and a large red tongue. Between the metallic gold eyes that peer majestically out from beneath strong, thick eyebrows rests a wide, flat nose. Gold-colored shishiguchi are sometimes called dei-shishiguchi to distinguish them from the less common, red-colored shishiguchi. Kanze ŠΟ’ style shishi masks tend to have bare heads and large fangs, but Houshou •σΆ style shishi have a black line across the top of their foreheads, which in human masks would indicate the base of a black lacquer hat kanmuri Š₯ and are thus known as kanmurigata shishi Š₯Œ`Ž‚Žq. A fine 16c. example belongs to the Tokugawa “Ώμ Art Museum, Aichi prefecture. While many shishi masks of Chinese origin can be found in the dengaku and gigaku repertoires, the various noh shishiguchi masks are Japanese in origin. Used for the second act of the play *SHAKKYOU Ξ‹΄ (Stone Bridge) for the role of the father lion who dances boisterously among the peony flowers in *Monju •ΆŽκ Bodhisattva's paradise. Sometimes, one or more child shishi wearing a *shigami θό mask or a smaller version of shishi known as kojishi ¬Ž‚Žq (child lion), accompanies the father. A Muromachi period example of the child shishi with menacing up-turned eyes belongs to the Houshoukai •σΆ‰ο, Tokyo and is designated an Important Cultural Property. Attributed to Shakuzuru Yoshinari Τ’ί‹g¬@(13c.?, see *jissaku \μ). See *kijinmen ‹S_–Κ

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