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shigami@θό
KEY WORD :@ art history / sculptures
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1@Also shigami Ž‚Šš (biting lion), or hagami Ž•Šš (biting teeth). A noh mask *noumen ”\–Κ representing a bad demon whose defeat ends in celebration. Muscles tense with rage, eyebrows furrowed to the extent that the upper half of the metallic gold eyeballs are hidden, a nose that juts out with its large nostrils, and blunt, large upper and lower teeth emphasize the scowl on the shigami mask, from which its gets its current name, meaning "awful, scowling face." The black painted hair of the eyebrows, mustaches, beard, and head all look as if they are standing up, tousled from anger. The mask is painted a dark skin color. Used for demon roles including the strenuous maibataraki •‘“­ dance such as, the devil in RASHOUMON —…Ά–ε, the female devil in MOMIJIGARI g—tŽλ, the spider man in TSUCHIGUMO “y’wε, or the god-devil in HIUN ”ς‰_. It can also substitute for *yakan –μŠ±to represent the spirit of the death rock in SESSHOUSEKI ŽEΆΞ. Shigami, or a variant with sculpted bushy face hair, ikazuchi —‹ ( thunder god), is used for the main role in RAIDEN —‹“d (Thunder God). When shigami is used to play good demon, a court hat, kammuri Š₯, is worn on top of the mask. For the play NUE κK a bird-like variant, called either nue or taka ‘ι, might be used. The mask type is attributed to Shakuzuru Τ’ί (see *jissaku \μ) and a fine copy bearing the stamp of the first Oono Deme ‘ε–μo–Ϊ master, Zekan ₯ŠΥ (d. 1616), is kept by Tokyo National Museum. See *kijinmen ‹S_–Κ.

2@Usually written Ž‚Šš. An ornament used on armor, showing the angry face of a lion. Often used on sculpted Buddhist guardian figures *ten “V, it symbolized the strength and bravery of a lion, and protected against evil. Lion faces were found on the belt *obikui ‘Ρ‹ς, the shoulders *katakui Œ¨‹ς, the knees *hizakui •G‹ς, or on the front of the helmet above the visor (see *kabuto ™h, *mabisashi ”ϋ”έ). They are thought to have originated on armor in ancient Greece and Rome eventually spreading east to became part of Buddhist imagery. A good example of shigami can be seen on the Bishamontenzou ”ωΉ–ε“V‘œ in Kanzeonji ŠΟ’‰ΉŽ›, Fukuoka prefecture.
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