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kabuto@™h | ||||||
KEY WORD :@art history / sculptures | ||||||
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Also
written Š•. A helmet, usually made of iron. The earliest Japanese helmets
were made in the Kofun period. There were two types: the shoukakutsuki kabuto
ÕŠp•t™h which has a raised front called shoukakubu ÕŠp•” and a low rim,
and the mabisashitsuki kabuto ”û”Ý•t™h which is hemispherical with a
horizontal visor called *mabisashi
”û”Ý. The crown of the helmet is called hachi ”«, and featured iron
strips tomebyou —¯•e that were tacked to the rim at the back and sides
to protect neck *shikoro
èC. During subsequent centuries the construction of helmets became more complex,
and their size increased. This is well illustrated by the hoshikabuto
¯™h (star-helmet) typical of the Kamakura period. Radiating metal
strips are fixed to the crown with large tacks. The helmet was often named
according to the size, shape and number of the tacks, called hoshi
¯. Representative features of the hoshikabuto are: the high hoe-shaped
decoration kuwagata maedate ŒLŒ`‘O—§ with an animal head at the base
(see *maedate ‘O—§,
*shigami Ž‚Šš); the
circular hole in the top centre of the crown tamaberi ‹Ê‰ often used
to support other ornaments; a ring of petals *kikuza
‹eÀ around the tamaberi; a chevron-shaped edge aoibaza ˆ¨—tÀ
(hollyhock-leaf pedestal) surrounding the kikuza. The number of pointed
tips on the aoibaza corresponded to the number of metal strips attached
to the crown, and hoshi were used on the tips of the aoibaza.
Strips with leaf-shaped tips were called shinodare èM‚ and were sometimes
made of gilt-bronze. The hoshikabuto has a visor, cords shimeo
”E, and the sides of the rim are inverted *fukikaeshi
•Ô. The layers of the rim are numbered, and the names hachitsuke-no-ita
”«•t‚̔ and hishinui-no-ita •H–D‚̔ refer to the highest and lowest layers
respectively. The hoshikabuto and its variations continued to be
used until the late Muromachi period, although a range of new shapes
and styles of helmet appeared. Examples include: the sujikabuto ‹Ø™h
(veined helmet), popular in the Nanbokuchou period; shiinomigata kabuto
’ÅŽÀŒ`™h (acorn-shaped helmet), with a pointed tip; momogatakabuto “Œ`™h
(peach-shaped helmet), a helmet influenced by western European models with
a ridge along the top; eboshi ‰G–XŽq, derived from Nara period
hats of lacquered paper ichinotani kabuto ˆê‚Ì’J™h (single-valley helmet),
said to be named after the steep valley Ichinotani ˆê‚Ì’J in Hyougo prefecture.
In Buddhist sculpture, male guardian deities *ten
“V are depicted in helmets. Two distinct styles can be seen; the first,
found on Heian and pre-Heian figures is strongly influenced by
Chinese helmets. The helmet fits closely over the head, and can be seen
on the Jikokuten ryuuzou Ž‘“V—§‘œ in Toudaiji “Œ‘厛, Nara. The second style,
predominant from the Kamakura period is illustrated by Konpiraou ‹à”ä—…‰¤
in Rengeouin ˜@‰Ø‰¤‰@, Kyoto. It is much larger, elevated up, off the head to
the point where the hair is visible. It has a visor. |
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. Œfڂ̃eƒLƒXƒgEŽÊ^EƒCƒ‰ƒXƒg‚È‚ÇA‘S‚ẴRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì–³’f•¡»E“]Ú‚ð‹Ö‚¶‚Ü‚·B |
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