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Shaka sanzon@Žί‰ήŽO‘Έ
KEY WORD :@ art history / iconography
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Lit. Shaka triad. A group of 3 Buddhist images composed of *Shaka Žί‰ή flanked by 2 attendants. This triadic format appears in India in the art of Gandhara and Mathura, which have triads consisting of Shaka flanked to the left and right either by bodhisattvas *bosatsu •μŽF thought to be *Miroku –νθΣ and *Kannon ŠΟ‰Ή or by Rengeshu ˜@‰ΨŽθ (Sk: Padmapani) and Kongoushu ‹ΰ„Žθ (Sk: Vajrapani). It is thought that the 3 divisions or families of early Esoteric Buddhism (the Buddha, Lotus and Vajra families) evolved from this latter triad of Shaka, Rengeshu and Kongoushu, which is also reflected in the composition of early mandalas *mandara ™ΦδΆ—…, such as the *Shouugyou mandara Ώ‰JŒo™ΦδΆ—…. In Theravada Buddhism Shaka is often represented flanked by Anan ˆ’“ο (Sk: Ananda) and Daikashou ‘ε‰ή—t (Sk: Mahakasyapa), his two chief disciples, and this format is also common in the Zen ‘T sect. Another pair of attendants mentioned in early texts is that of *Bonten ž“V and *Taishakuten ’ιŽί“V. In Japanese examples of the Shaka triad, Shaka is most commonly flanked by either the bodhisattvas Yakuou –ς‰€ (Sk: Bhaisajyaraja) and Yakujou –ςγ (Sk: Bhaisajyasamudgata) or *Fugen •Œ« and *Monju •ΆŽκ, and there is also at least one example of Shaka flanked by Kannon and *Kokuuzou ‹•‹σ‘ . Although statuary representations of the Shaka triad predominate, there are also pictorial representations.
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
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