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Kokuuzou@σ | ||||||
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography | ||||||
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Sometimes read Kokuzou. Space/Sky Repository (Sk:Akasagarbha, Khagarbha); also called Kokuuyou σs and in Japan often confused with Kokuuko σΙ (Sk: Gaganaganja). A bodhisattva *bosatsu μF who symbolizes unlimited wisdom and compassion, and is believed to be able to fulfill all wishes. He was introduced to Japan in the Nara period as part of an esoteric rite for improving one's memory GUMONJIHOU ·@. Ever since he has been worshipped for his ability to bestow wisdom. In this capacity he is shown seated (with either both legs crossed or one leg pendent) wearing a five wisdoms gemmed diadem *gochi houkan άqσ₯, which carries small figures of the five Buddhas of Wisdom *gochi nyorai άq@. He holds his right hand in a wish-granting mudra *yogan-in ^θσ and a jewel in the palm of his left hand which is raised level with his breast. A painting from the late Heian period kept at Tokyo National Museum is especially popular. An early example of a statuary image is the dry-lacquer image with wooden core at Gakuanji zΐ (Nara) dating from the Nara period. The three images enshrined at Hourinji @Φ (Kyoto), Kongoushouji ΰΨ (Mie prefecture), and Enzouji ~ (Fukushima prefecture), are collectively known as the three Kokuuzou, San kokuuzou Oσ . He also appears in both the Matrix Mandala *Taizoukai mandara Ω EΦδΆ and Diamond Mandala *Kongoukai mandara ΰEΦδΆ . In the Taizoukai mandara he is the central figure in the Kokuuzou-in σ @ wherein he wears a five-wisdom gemmed diadem, holds a raised sword in his right hand and a lotus surmounted with a jewel in his left. He appears as the right-hand attendant of *Shaka ίή in the Shaka-in ίή@ wherin he holds a fly whisk in his right hand and a lotus surmounted with a green gem in his left. In the Kongoukai mandara he is included among the 16 deities of the Auspicious Aeon, kengou juurokuson « \ZΈ wherein he corresponds to Gaga naganja. He is also identified with Kongouhou ΰσ (Sk:Vajraratna) among the 16 great bodhisattvas juuroku daibosatsu \ZεμF and he is the last of the so-called Thirteen Buddhas *juusanbutsu \O§, presiding over the memorial service held on the 32nd anniversary of a person's death. There is a Kokuuzoubosatsu mandara σ μFΦδΆ centered on Kokuuzou and there is a pentad called the Five Great Kokuuzou Bodhisattvas Godai Kokuuzou bosatsu άεσ μF which are manifestations of the Five Buddhas gobutsu ά§ of the Kongoukai mandara and are invoked in the Godai Kokuuzouhou άεσ @, an esoteric rite for fulfilling wishes and averting misfortune. The names and descriptions of these five vary, but in the YUGIKYOU ΰο_o they are called Hokkai kokuuzou @Eσ , Kongou kokuuzou ΰσ , Houkou kokuuzou συσ , Renge kokuuzou @Ψσ and Gyouyou kokuuzou Ζpσ . There is a set of five images at Kanchi-in Οq@ in Touji (Kyoto) brought from Tang China in 847 by Eun b^ (798-869) where the figures are seated on a lion, elephant, horse, peacock and garuda (mythical bird) respectively. A set of five images at Jingoji _μ (Kyoto) which are seated on lotus pedestals dates from the mid-9c, and has been designated a national treasure. | ||||||
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. fΪΜeLXgEΚ^ECXgΘΗASΔΜRecΜ³f‘»E]ΪπΦΆά·B |
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