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joudan 上段 | ||||||
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KEY WORD : architecture / aristocratic dwellings | ||||||
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A dais
or a part of the floor in aristocratic dwellings of the *shoin 書院 style, that was elevated a step higher than the general flooring. The room
in which the joudan is found is also called the joudan-no-ma
上段の間, and is the place where the person of highest rank sits. The remaining
floor space is called the *gedan
下段 or lower step area. In halls where shogun addressed daimyou
大名 and their highest ranking retainers, a middle stepped area *chuudan
中段 was constructed between the joudan and gedan. Surrounding
the joudan, in the most formal shoin halls, were a decorative
alcove *tokonoma
床の間 and with staggered shelves *chigaidana
違い棚. On the outer wall was a desk-like arrangement tsukeshoin 付書院
and on the opposite wall were elaborate decorative doors *choudaigamae
帳台構え. The ceiling above the joudan is coved, coffered and finely
latticed *oriage
kogumi goutenjou 折上小組格天井. Before the Muromachi period
only wooden plank flooring was used for joudan. Individual mats in
varying sizes and thicknesses, and bound in various colors with fabric,
were assigned to personages according to their rank. When straw mats *tatami
畳 were introduced to cover the entire floor, the previous mat-system of
indicating rank became ineffective, and the solution was to elevate the
floor as described above. A famous example was the Oohiroma 大広間 of Nijoujou
二条城, Kyoto (built 1600), where Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 (1542-1616) held audiences with
the court and military. Large rural dwellings *minka
民家 also gradually began to have a joudan after the Momoyama period;
Minka were the homes of village headmen and sake brewers, as well
as accommodating first class inns, etc. The Furui 古井 residence (15-16c,
Hyougo prefecture) has a joudan-no-ma as well as the Yakake Inn (17-19c,
Nara). The shoin style was used here to accommodate high
ranking noblemen and daimyou. |
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![]() Nagatomi
永富 house (Hyougo)
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System. No reproduction or republication without written permission. 掲載のテキスト・写真・イラストなど、全てのコンテンツの無断複製・転載を禁じます。 |
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