zokutaizou　俗体像

KEY WORD :　art history / sculptures

A portrait of a lay person in formal secular dress. This contrasts with the more numerous portraits of Buddhist priests called *hottaizou 法体像, which depict a man who has entered the priesthood, and renounced his secular status. Examples of lay portraiture include the three famous images at Jingoji 神護寺 in Kyoto, allegedly painted by Fujiwara Takanobu 藤原隆信 (1142-1205). These late 12c paintings are said to represent Minamoto no Yoritomo 源頼朝 (1147-99), Taira no Shigemori 平重盛 (1138-79), and Fujiwara Mitsuyoshi 藤原光能. The painted image of Emperor Gotoba 後鳥羽 (r.1184-98) kept at Minase Jinguu 水無瀬神宮 in Osaka is a good example of 13c Kamakura portraiture. Daikakuji 大覚寺 in Kyoto has a 14c painting of Emperor Gouda 後宇多 (r.1274-87). In sculpture, there is a famous Kamakura period (13c) image of the noblemen Uesugi Shigefusa 上杉重房 in Meigetsuin 明月院, Kanagawa prefecture. Other Kamakura period sculpture images also wear ordinary court robes, kariginu 狩衣, or "hunting robes", such as the figures of Minamoto no Yoritomo in the Tokyo National Museum (formerly owned by Tsurugaoka Hachimanguu 鶴岡八幡宮 in Kanagawa prefecture) and Houjou Tokiyori 北條時頼 (1227-63) in Kenchouji 建長寺, Kanagawa prefecture.

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