sanpin　三品

KEY WORD :　art history / paintings

Ch: sanpin. Lit. three classes. Three classes of Chinese calligraphy and painting. In ascending order, the "Capable Class" nouhin 能品 (Ch: nengpin), the "Marvelous Class" myouhin 妙品 (Ch: miaopin) and the "Divine Class" shinpin 神品 (Ch: shenpin). Each class can be subdivided into three grades upper (jou 上), middle (chuu 中), and lower (ge 下). These three grades are also used to rank artists. The whole system thus is called the "Three Classes and Nine Grades" sanpin kyuutou 三品九等 (Ch: sanpin chiuteng). The sanpin probably are based on Six Dynasties classifications that were codified by the Tang calligraphy critic Zhang Huaiguan 張懐かん (Jp: Chou Kaikan, act. mid 8c). Another category, the *ippin 逸品 or "Untrammeled Class" usually is considered outside the sanpin.

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