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roku-en@˜Z‰“
KEY WORD :@art history / paintings
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The six distances in Chinese landscape painting. Read riku-en. First mentioned by Han Cho (Jp: Kan Setsu ŠΨΩ, active ca. 1095-ca. 1125), who wrote the Shan-shui Ch'un-ch'uan chi (,Jp:SANSUI JUNZENSHUU ŽR…ƒ‘SW) the Ch'un-ch'uan' Compilation on Landscape. Han cho asserted that in addition to Kuo Hsi's Šsΰ† (Jp: Kaku Ki; after 1000-ca. 1090) three distances, there were three other distances: 1) broad distance (katsu-en θˆ‰“), generally a wide stretch of water with a shore in the foreground and a spacious sweep to distant mountains; 2) hidden distances (mei-en –ΐ‰“), thick mists and fogs that interrupt streams and plains, and cause them to disappear; and 3) obscure distance (yuu-en —H‰“), scenery that becames obliterated in vagueness and mistiness. These three, together with Kuo Hsi's *san-en ŽO‰“, are called the riku-en or six distances employed in landscape painting in China.
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