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So Touba@‘h“Œš±
KEY WORD :@art history / paintings
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Ch: Su Dongpo (1036-1101). Lit. retired scholar of the eastern slope. A Northern Song Chinese literatus who was a noted poet, essayist, calligrapher, painter, and statesman. Su Dongpo's real name was Su Shi (Jp: So Shoku ‘hηg), and he also used the pseudonym Zizhan (Jp: Shisen ŽqαΫ). Born to a wealthy family in Meishan ”ϋŽR, Sichuan Žlμ province, his father was the scholar Su Xun (Jp: So Jun ‘hŸ«, 1009-66) and his younger brother the essayist Su Zhe (Jp: So Tetsu ‘h“Q, d.1112). Su studied with Ouyang Xiu (Jp: Ouyou Shuu ‰’—zγω, 1007- 72) and received the jinshi (Jp: shinshi iŽm) degree at age 21. He occupied a variety of administrative posts around China, including that of Governor of Hangzhou RB where he is associated with a set of dikes at the West Lake *Seiko ΌŒΞ (Ch: Xihu). After criticizing the reformist policies of prime minister Wang Anshi (Jp: Ou Anseki ‰€ˆΐΞ; 1021- 86), he was banished from the capital. Later he was pardoned and by imperial decree reinstated to the Hanlin ŠΛ—Ρ academy, a theme elegantly visualized by several Chinese painters. Similarly, Su often is depicted practicing calligraphy in paintings of the Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden *Seiengashuu Ό‰€‰λW (Ch: Xiyuanyaji). His most famous prose-poem, the two-part Red Cliff Ode (Ch: Chibifu, Jp: Sekihekifu Τ•Η•Š, see *Sekiheki Τ•Η), was also illustrated by both Chinese and Japanese artists. Su is generally shown riding a mule and wearing a large hat. Su was an influential theorist, stressing the importance of artistic personality in both poetry and painting. For Su, a successful painting had neither formal likeness nor technical skill, but conveyed the artist's spirit of mind. His ideas and paintings, usually of an old tree, bamboo, and rock, were a major influence on later literati painting *bunjinga •Άl‰ζ (Ch:wenrenhua) in China and Japan.
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