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Ch: Xihu. Lit. west lake. Of the several Chinese lakes known as West Lake, the most famous is the West Lake at Hangzhou YB, Zhejiang Ÿ΄] Province. This lake is rich in scenic beauty as well as in religious, historical and literary association. Most of the famous religious monuments at the West Lake were constructed by Emperor Qianchu ‘K˜ζ (908-978), a devout patron of Tiantai (Jp:Tendai “V‘δ) Buddhism. For this reason it was a favorite pilgrimage center for Chinese and Japanese monks from the 11c. Of the many literary men associated with the West Lake, Su Shi (Jp: So shoku ‘hηg, also known in Japan as *So Touba ‘h“Œš±, 1036-1101), who supposedly had a dike constructed there, and Lin Hejing (Jp: *Rin Nasei —Ρ˜a–υ 967-1028), who lived on a small island in the middle of the lake called Mt. Gu ŒΗ or Orphan Mountain, are the most famous. The best-known views of the lake were gathered into a group of Ten Views Seikojikkei-zu ΌŒΞ\Œi}; autumn moon over Pinghu (Ch: Pinghu qiuyue •½ŒΞHŒŽ); spring dawn over Su Shi dike(Ch: Sudi chunxiao ‘h’ηt‹Ε); lingering snow on Duanqiao (Ch: Duanqiao canxue ’f‹΄Žcα); evening glow in Leifeng (Ch: Leifeng luozhao —‹•τ—ŽΖ); evening bell from Nanping (Ch: Nanping wanzhong “μ› ”ӏΰ); lotus flowers at Chuyuan (Ch: Chuyuan fenghe ‰@•—‰Χ); watching fish at Huagang (Ch: Huagang guanyu ‰Τ`ŠΟ‹›); listening to nightingales at Liulang (Ch: Liulang wenxing –φ˜Q•·‰§); lights from the three beacons at Santang (Ch: Santang yinyue ŽOΰKˆσŒŽ); and clouds over Liangfeng (Ch: Liangfeng chayun —Ό•τ‘}‰_). In China, paintings of the West Lake gained popularity in the Southern-Song period and can be divided into two types: those which feature a bird's eye view *choukan-zu ’ΉαՐ} of the entire scene, and sets comprised of the ten views. Chinese paintings and prints of both types were known in Japan and influenced representations by Japanese artists, although some Japanese painters saw the lake first-hand. For instance, both Sesshu αM (1420-1506) and his disciple Shuugetsu HŒŽ (late 15c - early 16c) made pilgrimages there, and the Latter's painting (1496) in the Ishikawa Ξμ Prefectural Art Museum, is well known. The West Lake was also a popular theme for *nanga “μ‰ζ artists, although their paintings were likely to be based on earlier paintings, literary descriptions or the imagination. Several iconographic features, including the arched Sushi dike (Ch: Sudi ‘h’η, willows and pagodas became standard in virtually all paintings of the West Lake. Notable Japanese paintings include works by Nouami ”\ˆ’–ν (1397-1471), Kanou Sanraku Žλ–μŽRŠy (1559-1635), and Ike no Taiga ’r‘ε‰λ (1723-76); Manpukuji δέ•ŸŽ›, Kyoto
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