joudo sanmandara　浄土三曼荼羅

KEY WORD :　architecture / iconography

Lit. three Pure Land Mandalas. Traditionally refers to the three most famous types of *joudo hensou 浄土変相 (depictions of the Pure Land) which are *Chikou mandara 智光曼荼羅, *Taima mandara 当麻曼荼羅, and *Seikai mandara 清海曼荼羅. The Chikou mandara is traditionally said to have been first painted after a vision by the Gangouji 元興寺 monk Chikou智光 (709-ca.790); a copy is found in the *KAKUZENSHOU 覚禅鈔, a collection of iconographical drawings by the Shingon 真言 monk Kakuzen 覚禅 (1143-1212). The Taima mandara refers to a tapestry belonging to Taimadera 当麻寺 in Nara, which is thought to have been imported from China and is said to have been dated by inscription to 763. The Seikai mandara, painted in gold and silver on indigo-dyed silk, is said to represent a vision of the monk Seikai 清海 (also read Shoukai, d.1017) and has been dated to 996. Both the Taima and Seikai mandaras are based on the KANMURYOUJUKYOU 観無量寿経, and may also termed *Kangyou hensou 観経変相.

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