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Enmaten@‰‹–‚“V
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography
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Also written θ…–€“V, ‰‹–€“V, ‰Š–€“V. Enma is a transliteration of Sk: Yama, which in Indian mythology is the name of the first man to die who was subsequently regarded as king of the underworld and judge of the dead. In this role he was incorporated into Buddhism, and in Japan he is more commonly known as *Enmaou θ…–‚‰€.
In Esoteric Buddhism mikkyou –§‹³, Enmaten is also counted among the guardians of the eight directions, presiding over the south and figuring among the Twelve Deities *juuniten \“ρ“V, a group consisting of the eight guardians plus those of the sun, moon, earth and heaven.
He is usually depicted seated on a buffalo with one leg pendent. He holds a staff surmounted by a human head in one hand, and the other arm is bent at the elbow with the palm turned outwards. A wooden image in this style is preserved at Daigoji ‘ηŒνŽ› in Kyoto. He further appears among the Twenty Deities nijitten “ρ\“V of the Diamond World mandala *Kongoukai mandara ‹ΰ„ŠE™ΦδΆ—… and in the Gekongoubu-in ŠO‹ΰ„•”‰@ of the Womb World mandala *Taizoukai mandara ‘Ω‘ ŠE™ΦδΆ—…. He was associated in particular with long life and protection from illness and misfortune. The *Enmaten mandara ‰‹–‚“V™ΦδΆ—…, centered on Enmaten, was used in such rites. The designation Enmaten is sometimes also used for Yamaten –ι–€“V (Sk: Yama), the third of the six heavens in the realm of desire in Buddhist cosmology, but although probably of the same origin, the two should be differentiated.
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
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