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Butsugen mandara@•§Šα™ΦδΆ—…
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography
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A variety of *besson mandara •Κ‘Έ™ΦδΆ—… (a mandala concerning a single deity) centered on *Butsugen butsumo •§Šα•§•κ. The central deity Butsugen butsumo is depicted with her hands forming the *hokkai jouin –@ŠE’θˆσ mudra and seated at the center of a lotus with three circles of eight petals each. In the first circle, Ichijikinrin Butchou ˆκŽš‹ΰ—Φ•§’Έ (see *Ichijikinrin ˆκŽš‹ΰ—Φ) is seated in front of Butsugen butsumo, whereas the other seven petals are occupied by deities representing the seven planets. On the eight petals of the second circle the eight great bodhisattvas *bosatsu •μŽF, of the RISHUKYOU —ŽοŒo (Sk: Prajnaparamitanaya sutra; Sutra of the Principle of the Prefection of Wisdom; Taishou No. 243, etc.) are depicted, and on the eight petals of the third circle the Hachidai Myouou ”ͺ‘ε–Ύ‰€ are depicted. In the outer periphery are the eight offering bodhisattvas and four guardian bodhisattvas of the *Kongoukai mandara ‹ΰ„ŠE™ΦδΆ—…. The Butsugen mandara is based on the KONGOUBU ROUKAKU ISSAI YUGA YUGIKYOU ‹ΰ„•υ˜OŠtˆκΨΰο‰Ύΰο‹_Œo (Taishou No. 867). The main deity of this mandala is called Kongou kichijou ‹ΰ„‹gΛ (Sk: Vajrasri), and in Japan Kongou kichijou has traditionally been regarded as another name for Butsugen butsumo. This sutra is said to have been translated by Jingangzhi (Jp: Kongouchi ‹ΰ„’q, Sk: Vajrabodhi; 671-741), but contemporary scholars entertain doubts about its supposed Indian origins. In Japan this mandala was used in esoteric rites of pacification and subjugation, and there are many extant examples, typical ones being those preserved at Touj “ŒŽ› in Kyoto and Shinagawadera •iμŽ› in Tokyo. These extant examples exhibit, however, minor differences in the disposition of the deities in the outer periphery.
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