zenshuu bijutsu　禅宗美術

KEY WORD :　art history / general terms

The general term used for any art related to the practise of Zen 禅 Buddhism in Japan. Zen flourished in Japan in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods and is characterised by the ideals of simplicity, naturalness, precision and harmony. The main centers of Zen influenced art have been the monasteries, and it is from them and particularly from their spiritual leaders that zenshuu bijitsu has come. This art often displays the influence of Chinese art of the Song and Yuan dynasties. The earliest flowering of the style occurred at Toufukuji 東福寺 in Kyoto where Shouichi Kokushi 聖一国師 (1202-80) known as Ben'en Enni 弁円円爾 was the abbot, and who combined rigorous religious discipline with a rare sensitivity to the arts. At the beginning of the Muromachi period it was Musou Soseki 夢窓疎石 (1275-1351), founding abbot of Tenryuuji 天龍寺 also in Kyoto who led the field, especially in the art of gardening but also in calligraphy. Probably the greatest achievements of Zen art came from the huge temple complex of Daitokuji 大徳寺 which was founded by Shuuhou Myouchou 宗峰妙超 (1282-1337); also called Daitou Kokushi 大燈国師 who was followed by the great patron and artist abbot *Ikkyuu 一休 (1394-1481), one of whose intellectual descendants was Sen Rikyuu 千利休 (1522-91), the most celebrateed tea ceremony *chanoyu 茶湯, master of all. All the arts were included in this style, but representative examples are *chinsou choukoku 頂相彫刻 or portrait statues of well-known priests, and *sumi 墨 ink painting. There is also a Zen style of architecture *zenshuuyou 禅宗様.

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