Gourd-shaped shumon Žé•¶ style seal introduced
into Japan from China during the Song and Yuan dynasties. Today there are about
ten paintings in Japan by artists such as Muqi (Jp: Mokkei –qæ®), Ma Yuan (Jp:
Ba En ”n‰“) and Xia Gui (Jp: Ka kei ‰ÄŒ]) that, in their lower corners bear this seal.
One theory has it that this seal was a collector's seal kanzou-in ŠÓ‘ ˆó,
belonging to Zennami ‘Pˆ¢–í (1386-1482), a garden architect who lived during the Muromachi
period. Other theory is that these paintings were not produced by a Chinese artist
at all. Proponents of this theory claim that the paintings in question exemplify
weak linework and a general artistic mood not common to Chinese painting. They
thus suggest that this seal was employed by a Japanese artist named Zenna ‘Pˆ¢ who
painted in the style of these Chinese masters. The problems surrounding the two
different theories, as yet, has not been satisfactorily resolved. |