1 A particularly
large beam that runs in a longitudinal direction, ketayuki houkou 桁行方向
(see *ketayuki 桁行), parallel
to the ridge of the roof *munagi
棟木, close to the center of a building's cross-section. Usually it is directly
supported by posts (often including a substantial *daikokubashira
大黒柱), and is used in structures with a cross section too wide for the main frame
*jouya 上屋, *moya
母屋 to be conveniently spanned by a single member. It has a seating for the principal
transverse beams *jouyabari
上屋梁 or *koyabari 小屋梁 at
center span, which allows the beam to be divided into two sections while at the
same time keeping the number of posts at the center of the building to a minimum.
It is found in storehouses *dozou
土蔵, theaters shibaigoya 芝居小屋, largescale vernacular houses *minka
民家 and related structures. In minka, an ushibari often spans from
the daikokubashira across the earthfloored area *doma
土間 at the lower end *shimote
下手 of the house. In minka in Niigata prefecture, sacks of rice grain are
stored suspended from the ushibari. Also referred to as ushi 牛,
ushibiki 牛引, ushibikibari 牛引梁, nakabiki 中引, nakabikibari
中引梁, hikibari 引梁, and *shikibari
敷梁.
2 A beam that runs parallel to
the ridge purlin at center span to provide longitudinal stability to the structural
frame in minka with filed roof in Kagawa, Ehime Tokushima prefectures.
It is usually laid on top of the main transverse beams. Also called ushi
牛, ushiki 牛木, nakabiki 中引.
3 A
plate laid upon the main transverse beams at center span, running parallel to
the ridge of the roof in thatched minka in parts of Kagoshima prefecture.
It is a large log, unwrought but stripped of bark, and may be up to 7m long and
30cm in diameter. It provides a footing for a row of munatsuka 棟束 or *sasuzuka
叉首束 (vertical struts propping the *sasu
叉首) at their point of intersection below the ridge. Also called ushimaru
牛丸. See *jimune 地棟, *tsukabumi
束踏. |
