udatsuya　うだつ屋

KEY WORD :　architecture / folk dwellings

1　A rudimentary thatched dwelling hut or ancillary structure with a gable *kirizuma 切妻 roof constructed in Yamanashi, Nagano, Shizuoka, Chiba, and Miyagi prefectures and in areas of the Kinki 近畿 district during the Edo period. The structure had no vertical side walls because the roof came down to the ground like a tent. It was constructed without beams *hari 梁 but had instead a ridge purlin *munagi 棟木 that was supported directly by ridge posts *munamochibashira 棟持柱 called *udatsu 卯立, reaching to ground level. These posts, from which the udatsuya derived their names, were often earthfast *hottate 掘建て. Udatsuya, written 有立家, are mentioned in the document KASUU KAKIAGECHOU 家数書上帳, 1773 that records the dwellings in the village of Fukuzawa 福沢 near Lake Suwa 諏訪. While the document does not say so explicitly, it is likely that udatsuya represented the lowest status of dwelling, since unlike the other categories, their dimensions are not recorded. Referred to as odatsukoya おだつ小屋 in parts of Niigata prefecture. 2　A vernacular house *minka 民家 with gable parapets *udatsu 卯立, at either end of the roof in the Kinki district from the late Muromachi period. The term was restricted to the houses of local officials, free peasants, honbyakushou 本百姓, and senior householders.

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