Taizou kyuuzuyou　胎蔵旧図様

KEY WORD :　art history / iconography

A collection of iconographical line drawings *hakubyou 白描 in handscroll form reflecting a primitive form of the *Taizoukai mandara 胎蔵界曼荼羅. The original version brought from China to Japan by Enchin 円珍 (814-91) has been lost, and the extant version in the Mutou 武藤 collection (1 fasc.) is a copy dating from 1193. It is considered to represent an early form of the Taizoukai mandara deriving from the traditions of Jingangzhi (Jp: Kongouchi 金剛智, Sk: Vajrabodhi; 671-741) and his disciple Bukong (Jp: Fukuu 不空, Sk: Amoghavajra; 705-74), and it thus differs in origin from the *Taizou zuzou 胎蔵図像 deriving from the traditions of Shanwuwei (Jp: Zenmui 善無畏, Sk: Subhakarasimha; 637-735), who translated the DAINICHIKYOU 大日経 (Sk: Vairocanabhisambodhi-sutra/Mahavairocana-sutra; Taishou No. 848) into Chinese. The deities' names are given in Chinese characters thought to have been added by Enchin, but it has been shown by Ishida Hisatoyo 石田尚豊 that these names are in many cases incorrect. A total of 242 deities are depicted, which represents about double the approximately 120 deities mentioned in the DAINICHIKYOU. It is to be noted in particular that it incorporates many deities affiliated with the KONGOUCHOUKYOU 金剛頂経 (Diamond Peak Sutra, Sk: Sarvatathagatatattvasamgraha; Taishou Nos. 865, 882), introduced to China by Jingangzhi and Bukong. Because the Taizou kyuuzuyou was carefully preserved as a rare work brought to Japan by Enchin and not generally made public, it exerted little influence on subsequent Buddhist iconography in Japan, but it represents a unique source of material for clarifying the evolution of the *Genzu mandara 現図曼荼羅.

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