Tenpyou jidai　天平時代

KEY WORD :　art history / general terms

The Tenpyou period (710-794) begins with the transfer of the capital from Fujiwara 藤原 to Nara (Heijoukyou 平城京), in 710 and ends with the move of the capital to Kyoto (Heiankyou 平安京), in 794. Many American scholars refer to this as the Late Nara period (cf. *Hakuhou jidai 白鳳時代; AD 645 - 710: being Early Nara). Many Japanese sources treat Tenpyou as a stylistic term for cultural developments during the period 710-794 The term is especially used for descriptions of the arts of the period, which show considerable influence of Tang China. In the latter part of the period (after the 760's) a new technique, dry lacquer over a wooden core, was employed for sculpture. Two examples of this technique, the thousand armed Kannon *Senju Kannon 千手観音, Toushoudaiji *Kondou 唐招提寺金堂, Nara, and the *Yakushi 薬師 in the same location indicate a trend towards more corpulent figures with square heads and little neck, a style which culminates in the single block carved image of Yakushi at Jingoji 神護寺 (ca. 793), Kyoto

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