sumigaki　墨画

KEY WORD :　art history / paintings

1　A general technical term for painting in black ink *sumi 墨, meaning without color. The term appeared in the Heian period (10c) in reference to the technique used for what was called at the time shira-e 白絵 (from the Tang Chinese term 白画). This was a type of painting that used fine black ink outlines without color, which in modern times is called hakubyouga 白描画 (*hakubyou 白描) of soga 素画 . 2　A specific technique used for painting with black ink sumi, in which the preliminary lines of human figures and objects of a composition use black ink. These black ink drawings serve as a master or under-drawing *shita-e 下絵. 3　The final ink outlines and details (e.g. for facial features) painted over the colored pigments in *tsukuri-e つくり絵 , a major style of *yamato-e やまと絵 . These demanded a skillful hand and decisive, controlled brushwork which in workshop production (*edokoro 絵所) was the responsibility of the master artist(s). 4　A position at the court affiliated painting atelier, kyuutei edokoro 宮廷絵所, of the chief, or master artist(s), appointed, at least initially in the Heian period, by competitive exam.

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