|  An ancient Chinese philosophy which holds that calligraphy 
and painting are two aspects of a single art that springs from the same spirit 
and the same region of the mind, is produced with the same instruments, and requires 
similar dexterity and skill. This concept is discussed in the 9c "Record of Famous 
Painters of All Dyanasties" (Li-dai ming-hua ji 歴代名画記 Jp;REKIDAI MEIGAKI 
) by Zhang Yan-yuan 張彦遠 (Jp: Chou Gen'en) and became important in painting theories 
by literati artists. |