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1 A freestanding post *dokuritsubashira 独立柱, in vernacular houses *minka 民家, of the Edo period notably in Izu Niijima 伊豆新島, the Tango 丹後 district of Kyoto, Kawachi Nagano 河内長野 near Osaka and parts of Okayama and Aichi prefectures. It was located in the earthfloored area *doma 土間 , at the lower end, *shimote 下手, of the house, close to the center of the building's cross section, directly facing the *daikokubashira 大黒柱, which stood at the boundary between doma and living rooms, kyoshitsubu 居室部. It often supported one end of a large longitudinal beam, *ushibari 牛梁. In Touhoku 東北 prefectures, this post is widely referred to as ushimochibashira 牛持柱. In Izu Niijima and northern Kyuushuu 九州 it was referred to as otoshi-no-hashira 落しの柱. As a result of a growing tendency to insert a raised timber floor, itabari 板張り, in the rear half of the doma from the latter years of the Edo period, the niwa daikokubashira in many cases ceased to be a freestanding post. It stood instead at the boundary between the new raised floor area and the doma.
2 In minka in the eastern part of Osaka, a post at the boundary between doma and kyoshitsubu, toward the front of the building.
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