|  Ch: wanglianghua. Lit. apparition ghostly paintings. 
A style of ink figure painting that contrasts ethereal forms created with pale 
lines and wash against dark, sharply drawn facial features and so suggests the 
Zen 禅 paradox of emptiness vs. form. Said to have originated with the Southern 
Song Zen artist Zhirong (Jp: Chiyuu 智融, 1114-63), mouryouga was popular 
with late Song and Yuan period painters of Zen subjects. Fine Chinese examples 
often with inscriptions by unknown Zen masters were treasured in Japanese Zen 
communities where the style was picked up by Japanese painters in the Muromachi 
period.  |