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jinaimachi@ΰ¬ | ||||||
KEY WORD :@architecture / folk dwellings | ||||||
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Also jinaichou. A type of religious township
that developed in the Sengoku period in connection mainly with
temples of the Joudo ςy sect, though *Nichiren ϊ@ sect examples also existed. From
the late 15c there were jinaimachi principally in the Kinki ίE, Hokuriku
k€, and Toukai C regions. The earliest was Yoshizaki Honganji gθ{θ in Echizen
(founded 1471) and the last, Yao ͺφ in Kawachi (founded 1606). Jinaimachi can be divided into three major categories: 1 those that constituted the
headquarters or major religious centres of the sect, such as Yamashina RΘ in Yamashiro
Rι and Ishiyama ΞR in Settsu ΫΓ (on the site of which Toyotomi Hideyoshi LbGg (1536-98) founded Osaka) ; 2 those founded by members of the local landowning warrior class, such
as Imai ‘δ in Yamato εa ; 3 those founded by local town or village headmen,
such as Tondabayashi xcΡ in Kawachi Νΰ. In all cases the jinaimachi was
connected with a temple of the ruling sect, but the temple, the main hall of which
generally faced east, was most prominent in the case of the first category, where
it was surrounded by the mansions of the abbot, houshu @ε, and leading
prelates. Associated with the temple was a township, divided into districts *machi ¬, with town houses *machiya ¬Ζ, lining streets which, in the more developed examples, were laid out on
an orthogonal grid system, much as in the castle towns *joukamachi ιΊ¬, but on a smaller scale. Here the citizens, who were members of the sect,
lived and worked. Jinaimachi of categories two & three were smaller and
the temple was often less dominant. In all cases, the entire settlement was rendered
defensible, with advantage taken of natural features such as rivers, marshes,
and hilltops, and supplemented by ramparts, moats and gates. The enthusiasm of
local landowners and headmen for Joudoshin ςy^ sect was closely connected with
a desire to achieve independence from oppressive local and regional authorities,
whose control the collective security of sect membership enabled them to defy.
Some jinaimachi were new foundations, others were existing settlements
replanned and laid out anew, while others again were existing settlements that
simply had a sect temple founded within them and defences erected, but were otherwise
little changed. |
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. fΪΜeLXgEΚ^ECXgΘΗASΔΜRecΜ³f‘»E]ΪπΦΆά·B |
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