chuusei kenchiku　中世建築

KEY WORD :　architecture / general terms

Lit. medieval architecture. Temple and shrine buildings erected during the Kamakura, Nanbokuchou and Muromachi periods when two new styles of architecture were introduced from China. The first was the daibutsu style *daibutsuyou 大仏様, which was initiated by the priest, Chougen 重源 (1121-1206) who had spent time in south China (1167-68). He was responsible for purely daibutsu style buildings. These included: Joudoji *Joudodou 浄土寺浄土堂 (1192) in Hyougo prefecture, Toudaiji *Nandaimon 東大寺南大門 (1199) in Nara, and Daigoji *Kyouzou 醍醐寺経蔵 (1198) in Kyoto; this last structure burned down in 1939. Toudaiji *Shourou 鐘楼 (early 13c), is attributed to Yousai 栄西 (1141-1215) and has a mixture of the daibutsu and Zen styles. Zen style architecture *zenshuuyou 禅宗様, flourished during the first half of the 13c. One prominent exponent was Dougen 道元 (1200-53) who drew up the plans for Toufukuji 東福寺, but the Butsuden 仏殿 was not completed until 1299. The term *wayou 和様, became widely used to distinguish buildings that retained the Japanization of architectural methods and characteristics imported from China in the 7c-8c from the two newly introduced styles.

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