chisen shuuyuushiki teien　 池泉舟遊式庭園

KEY WORD :　architecture / gardens

Lit. boating pond style. A type of pond-stroll garden *chisen kaiyuushiki teien 池泉回遊式庭園 in which the pond is large enough for pleasure boats. Common in Chinese imperial residences from at least the Zhou dynasty, the earliest Japanese Nara period gardens probably included large ponds intended for Chinese style pleasure barges. In the Heian period a number of aristocratic retreats featured chisen shuuyuushiki gardens: the gardens at Shinsen'en 神泉苑; Emperor Saga's 嵯峨 villa at Oosawa-no-ike 大沢池 (now Daikakuji 大覚寺); and the Kawara-no-in 河原院 all included ponds for boating. In addition the ponds of larger shinden style gardens *shinden-zukuri teien 寝殿造庭園 were used for boating parties. 17c imperial villas, such as Katsura Rikyuu 桂離宮 and Shugakuin Rikyuu 修学院離宮, as well as many large daimyou gardens *daimyou teien 大名庭園 included ponds for boating, circumambulation, and for viewing. Because of their multiple functions, these gardens were carefully designed to provide visual stimuli from a number of viewpoints.

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