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benizuri-e@g ŠG
KEY WORD :@art history / paintings
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Primitive polychrome woodblock prints in *ukiyo-e •‚˘ŠG. Appeared after *urushi-e Ž˝ŠG and preceded *nishiki-e ‹ŃŠG. At first only *beni g and green were used, but later a few colors like yellow, indigo, and brown were added. The technique of coloring the woodblock comes originally from the Chinese technique of woodblock printing, which originated in the Enkyou ‰„‹ era (1744-48). Ishikawa Toyonobu Îě–LM (1711-85) and Torii Kiyomitsu ’š‹´–ž (1725-85) are among the main artists who created benizuri-e. The technique was called *beni-e gŠG at the time, but benizuri-e is currently used to distinguish the two similar techniques. The coloring of woodblocks was common from about the Kan'ei Š°‰i era (1624-44) in Japan, and was extensively employed in China at the time. In ukiyo-e prints, coloring was intruded between about the Houei •ó‰i and Shotoku ł“ż eras (1704-15) and was used for illustration in the writings of haikai ”oć~ in the Kyouhou ‹•Ű era (1716-36), but these were trial efforts. Color became general for ukiyo-e woodblocks from about the Kanpou Š°•Ű era (1741-44). Benizuri-e is particularly significant in the development of nishiki-e. This meant the addition of yellow and green to beni; then deeper colors like indigo *ai —•, and brown were added, creating complex works using five colors. In addition to the artists mentioned above, famous print makers who created benizuri-e include: Okumura Masanobu ‰œ‘ş­M (1686-1764), Torii Kiyonobu ’š‹´M (1664-1729), Torii Kiyomasu ’š‹´”{ (fl. early 18c), Torii Kiyohiro ’š‹´L, Torii Kiyotsune ’š‹´Œo, Kitao Shigemasu –k”öd­ (1739|1820), and Suzuki Harunobu —é–؏tM (1725-70).
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