|  A woodblock 
	  print designed and privately published to expose a secret indiscretion, 
	  then distributed to the home and friends of the victim eliciting public 
	  ridicule. It is thought that the term akuzuri-e, which uses the prefix 
	  "aku" 悪, meaning "evil" or "bad," derives both from the fact that 
	  the printing techniques were poor and the contents were inflammatory. Akuzuri-e 
	  originated with an incident in 1861-64, when a man named Gengyo 玄魚 revealed 
	  the  affair of his friend, a fiction-writer by the pen name of Kanagaki 
	  Robun 仮名垣魯文, with a maid named Onobu お信 belonging to the house of Senju 
	  Daikoku 千住大黒 by publishing such a print. There is documentary reference 
	  to akuzuri-e, along with other types of woodblock prints, in the 
	  AKUSHA HYOUBANKI 嗚久者評判記 (1865). From the mid to late 19c, akuzuri-e 
	  were popular in literati salons. The prints were very coarsely carved and 
	  printed in ink alone or with the addition of only two or three colors. Due 
	  to the rough production and secret nature of akuzuri-e, the designers 
	  did not sign their names. In cases where the author was discovered, the 
	  blocks were destroyed and a note of apology was demanded.  |