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zouonna@‘—
KEY WORD :@art history / sculptures
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A noh mask *noumen ”\–Κ, representing a young angel, goddess or enlightened woman. A cool reserve seen in the passive expression, flat cheeks, unsmiling lips, and intelligent high forehead lends this mask a stately dignity that contrasts with the open expression of *koomote ¬–Κ, and other standard young women's masks. The downcast eyes, narrow features, and horizontal brush strokes heighten the effect of other worldliness. The hairlines are drawn in the same style as *wakaonna Žα—, but the lips have a darker hue.
Zouonna is used by all schools for celestial women, such as the angel in HAGOROMO ‰Hˆί (Feather Robe), the mother goddess of the West in SEIOUBO Ό‰€•κ (Ch; Hsi Wang Mu), and the sun goddess Amaterasu “VΖ in EMA ŠG”n (The Votive Tablets). At times the severity of zouonna's expression is deemed fit for roles of women who are really disguised demons, such as in MOMIJIGARI g—tŽλ (Maple Viewing) or SESSHOUSEKI ŽEΆΞ (Death Rock).
The mask type is reputed to have been created by the talented dengaku “cŠy player Zouami ‘ˆ’–ν, who was a contemporary of Zeami Motokiyo ’ˆ’–νŒ³΄ (1363-1443) and favored by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu ‘«—˜‹`Ÿή (1358-1408). Variations on the mask include nakizou ‹ƒ‘ (weeping zou), with narrower eyes and more piqued features and the still more introverted houraionna •σ—ˆ—, said to have been invented by the Muromachi period carver Hourai •σ—ˆ. Many fine examples of zouonna exist, including several older masks at the Tokyo National Museum.
Sculpturally, the standard young woman's mask of the Houshou •σΆ school, *fushikizou ί–Ψ‘, belongs within the zou ‘ category.
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