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Yuima@ˆΫ–€
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography
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Sk:Vimalakirti (pure reputation), Ch:Weimo. Indian Buddhist layman (Ch:jushi, Jp:koji ‹Žm) famous for his profound understanding of Mahayana principles, Daijou Bukkyou ‘εζ•§‹³. A wealthy and well-educated family man from the central Indian town of Vaisali, Yuima was a paragon of Buddhist virtues despite his worldly attachments. As such, he was a favorite figure with Buddhist people particularly in China and Japan with their strong cultural emphasis on family responsibility. The YUIMAGYOU ˆΫ–€Œo (Ch:Weimoching, Sk:Vimalakirti-nirdesa) tells of Yuima's life, including the famous incident in which Yuima, lying in a small house, is visited by *Monju •ΆŽκ (Sk: Manjusri). The two men have a philosophical debate on the "gateway of the non-dual Dharama" in which Yuima demonstrates his superior understanding. This conversation, known as Yuimagyou hensou ˆΫ–€Œo•Ο‘Š was often illustrated in both sculpture and painting. Yuima is typically shown as a bearded old man, seated with one knee raised, wearing a cowl, and holding a fly whisk. Yuima and Monju are depicted in extant early Chinese cave complexes such as Dunhuang (Jp:Tonkou “ΦΰŠ, notably in cave #103) and Yonggang (Jp:Unkou ‰_›Ό, cave #6). The *hakubyou ”’•` painting of Yuima attributed to Li Gonglin (Jp: Ri Kourin —›Œφ—Ω, ca. 1040-1106; Tokyo National Museum), along with similar compositions in color, echo the style of now lost Tang period temple wall-paintings. In Japan, a painted clay diorama of the pagoda at Houryuuji –@—²Ž› (858), Nara, contains the best-known example of Yuima. Other depictions of Yuima alone include wood sculpture at Hokkeji –@‰ΨŽ› (8c), Nara, and by Joukei ’θŒc in Koufukuji ‹»•ŸŽ›, Nara. Paintings by Bunsei •Ά΄ (1457; Yamato Bunkakan ‘ε˜a•Ά‰ΨŠΩ, Nara), Takuma Eiga ˜l–‰h‰κ (act. late 14c; Tokyo National Museum), Sesshuu αM (1420-1506; Daitokuji Kohouan ‘ε“ΏŽ›ŒΗβɈΑ, Kyoto), and Kanou Tan'yuu Žλ–μ’T—H (1602-74; Sengakuji , Miyagi prefecture.) demonstrate the popularity of the theme with Japanese artists.
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NOTES
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
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