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yakusha-e @ðÒG | ||||||
KEY WORD :@art history / paintings | ||||||
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A type of *ukiyo-e ¢G print which shows one or several actors in a stage pose or costume. A principal theme in ukiyo-e, many examples depict aspects of theater life. The earliest depictions of the theater were part of genre screens of the late Muromachi and early Edo periods. Early examples of The screens of Scenes In and Around Kyoto *rakuchuu rakugai-zu O} often included a stage set in one corner, with further details on screens of *kabuki Ìê plays *kabuki-zu Ìê}. As kabuki gained popularity, the audience's interest in individual artists increased and by the end of the 17c, the yakusha-e were being published. Because kabuki fans were so curious about the different actors and because they made interesting portraits, yakusha-e were attempted by many artists. However, one family eventually became the traditional bearer of the responsibility for designing the posters kanban-e ÅÂG and announcements banzuke-e ÔtG of the actors appearing on stage. The Torii school *Toriiha ¹h artists had a monopoly on the production of posters and sign-boards, and their depictions of actors' figures were characterized by the cliche "gourd-shaped legs and catfish outlines" hyoutan ashi, mimizu gaki ZP«,åtåm`. A descendant of the famous Torii Kiyonobu ¹ŽM (1664-1729) and Kiyomasu Ž{ (?-1716) who first did prints focusing on individual actors, currently paints kabuki posters for the Kabukiza ÌêÀ theater in Tokyo. Outside the Torii school, Okumura Masanobu ºM (1686-1764) and Nishimura Shigenaga Œºd· (1697?-1756) established their own styles of yakusha-e. In the middle of the 18c, Torii Kiyomitsu ¹Ž (1735-85) took the lead with attractive yakusha-e in red and a few color prints *benizuri-e g G. After a period of interest in perspective prints *uki-e G showing scenes inside the theater, there was a dramatic return to a highly personalized depiction of actors as in the likeness pictures nigao-e çG of Ippitsusai Bunchou êMÖ¶² (act. 1760-1800) and Katsukawa Shunshou ìtÍ (1726-93) which showed the stars outside of the theater in their daily life. Toushuusai Sharaku FÖÊy (act. 1794) may have created some of the most individualistic yakusha-e of the type known as large head pictures *ookubi-e åñG which focused closely on one actor's torso. The general term, yakusha-e, may be used more broadly to name prints showing the stage, more specifically known as: *kabuki-e ÌêG, shibai-e ÅG, gekijou-e êG, gekiga æ. |
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. fÚÌeLXgEÊ^ECXgÈÇASÄÌRec̳f¡»E]ÚðֶܷB |
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