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| shourou 鐘楼 | ||||||
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| KEY WORD : architecture / buildings & structures | ||||||
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| Also called shuurou, kanetsukidou 鐘突堂. Lit. bell hitting hall, tsuriganedou 釣鐘堂. Belfry. A building in which a bell bonshou 梵鐘 is hung. The early belfries in the Nara period were double-storied 3 x 2 bay structures and the bell was suspended in the upper story. The building was like those used as sutra repositories *kyouzou 経蔵 and similar to the ancient drum towers *korou 鼓楼 sometimes used for storing sutras at Buddhist temples. Usually two such buildings were positioned in front to the left and right of the lecture hall *koudou 講堂. Example: Houryuuji Sai-in Shourou 法隆寺西院鐘楼 (late 10c - early 11c), which was identical to a sutra repository constructed in the Nara period. Toward the late Heian period, a new style of belfry was built and called *hakamagoshi 袴腰, 2-storied with an enclosed substructure curving out at the base to create a trapezoidal-like shape with a single narrow door on one side. The bell was suspended in the upper part which was, in some examples, quite open in contrast to the usual enclosed by windows filled with vertical lath *renjimado 連子窓, Example: Houryuuji Touin 法隆寺東院 (Kamakura period), the oldest extant belfry in the hakamagoshi style. At the beginning of the 13c, a new type of belfry was constructed at Toudaiji 東大寺 in Nara, under the direction of the Buddhist priest Yousai 栄西 (1141-1215). The building was completely open and the stout pillars, were reinforced by studs, were placed corner and all other structural members were visible. The huge bell was hung from the central transverse beam and the striking pole was within reach the ground floor at the single-storied building. This open type belfry, usually with four main pillars *hashira 柱 stabilized by penetrating tie beams *nuki 貫, became very popular. Many of the corner pillars were set with an inward incline *uchikorobi 内転. Example: Rinnouji Jigendou Shourou 輪王寺慈眼堂鐘楼 (1642), Tochigi prefecture. After the advent of the Heian period, the location of the shourou was not strictly prescribed. Roof types were generally gabled *kirizuma-zukuri 切妻造 or hip-and-gable *irimoya-zukuri 入母屋造. | ||||||
 Houryuuji Sai-in Shourou 法隆寺西院鐘楼 (Nara)
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| *shouroumon 鐘楼門, *rou-zukuri 楼造 | ||||||
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System. No reproduction or republication without written permission. 掲載のテキスト・写真・イラストなど、全てのコンテンツの無断複製・転載を禁じます。 |
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