shitomi　蔀

KEY WORD :　architecture / general terms

1　A generic term for timber shutters or doors that generally have vertical and horizontal lattice attached to the exterior surface and sometimes to the interior surface as well. There are two basic types: those that are hung from an overhead lintel, uchinori nageshi 内法長押; and those that are lifted in or taken out of upper and lower tracks. The former are sometimes attached at the top by hinges in such a way as to allow them to move left to right or vice versa. These doors are called tsurijitomi 吊蔀 (hanging shutters). The latter can be a sliding type panel board without lattice called shitomibame 蔀羽目. Shitomibame used on shops were either the set in or the sliding type, and served as protection from thieves. A single panel of this type is sometimes used at the side of a bench, for dwellings, or for architecture of the sukiya style *sukiya-zukuri 数寄屋造. Shitomi also were used for protection against wind and rain. Windows filled with crisscross lattice are called shitomimado 蔀窓. See *shitomido 蔀戸. 2　Walls, doors, embankments, plants, used to prevent ready observation into a castle. Shitomi are defensive elements placed inside the main castle gate, in between two compounds, where pathways make sharp turns. *Kazashi かざし were offensive screening elements used outside the castle for mounting offensive military maneuvers.

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