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sanmaya mandara@OλΦδΆ | ||||||
KEY WORD :@ art history / iconography | ||||||
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Also read samaya mandara. A form of *mandara ΦδΆ (mandala) in which the deities are depicted by means of symbolic objects sanmayagyou Oλ` such as the vajra *kongousho ΰn and lotus. It is one of the four types of mandala *shishu mandara lνΦδΆ , and whereas the great mandala daimandara εΦδΆ , in which the deities are shown in their physical form, represents the Buddhas' mystery of the body shinmitsu g§, the sanmaya mandara represents their mystery of mind imitsu Σ§. Typical of the sanmaya mandara are the Himitsu mandara ι§ΦδΆ (Secret mandala) described in the DAINICHIKYOU εϊo (Sk:Vairocanabhisambodhi sutra/Mahavairocana sutra; Taishou No.848) and the Kongou himitsu mandara ΰι§ΦδΆ (Adamantine secret mandala) described in Chap. 1 of the KONGOUCHOUKYOU ΰΈo (Diamond Peak Sutra; Sk:Sarvatathagatatattvasamgraha; Taishou Nos.865,882), the latter corresponding to the *Sanmaya-e Oλο of the *Kue mandara γοΦδΆ . Copies of the sanmaya mandara of both the *Taizoukai mandara Ω EΦδΆ and *Kongoukai mandara ΰEΦδΆ were brought from China to Japan by *Kuukai σC (774-835), but there are not many examples of independent versions of the sanmaya mandara. The Daihitaizou sanmaya mandara είΩ OλΦδΆ brought back to Japan by Ennin ~m (794-864) is a line drawing *hakubyou ` of a sanmaya mandara of the Taizoukai mandara deriving from the lineage of Shanwuwei (Jp:P³Ψ; Sk:Subhakarasimha; 637-735), and it is closely related to the *Taizou zuzou Ω }. The original is no longer extant, but a copy made in 1019, Daigoji ην, Kyoto, is thought to be the oldest extant copy of iconographical line drawings in Japan. In the case of the *shiki mandara ~ΦδΆ used during initiation rites, the sanmaya mandara is often used for both the Taizoukai mandara and Kongoukai mandara. This is probably because the deities are more readily distinguishable in a sanmaya mandara than in a mandara in which they are shown in their physical form, and this would have proved expedient when the initiate chose his/her tutelary deity by casting a flower onto the mandara. A typical example of such a sanmaya mandara is the shiki mandara preserved at Touji , Kyoto, and dating from the Momoyama period. | ||||||
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. fΪΜeLXgEΚ^ECXgΘΗASΔΜRecΜ³f‘»E]ΪπΦΆά·B |
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