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minogami@”ό”ZŽ†
KEY WORD :@art history / paintings
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Also read minoshi. Lit. mino paper. A generic term for handmade paper *washi ˜aŽ† produced in Mino ”ό”Z (Gifu prefecture), one of the most important paper-making regions in Japan. The oldest paper surviving in Japan dates back to year 702. The Shousouin Records SHOUSOUIN MONJO ³‘q‰@•Ά‘ refer to three paper making regions: Chikuzen ’}‘O (Fukuoka prefecture); Buzen –L‘O (Ooita prefecture); and Mino. Of these three mino paper was considered to be the highest quality, since it is made from pure mulberry fibres which bind uniformly to create a surface free of blotches and irregularities. Production of minogami was originally believed to be concentrated in the Ibi —K”γ river basen. By the 13c the paper-making techniques had advanced to the extent that almost all types of washi were prduced in Mino. Among the best known are the thick *morishitagami X‰ΊŽ†, the very fine *tengujou “T‹ο’Ÿ, *houshogami •ς‘Ž†, *uchigumori “ΰ“ά, shoujigami αŽqŽ†, usugami ”–Ž†, usushiro ”–”’, and nokaore ’†ά. During the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, paper-making dominated the economy of the Mino area and a very large paper-making town Ooyada ‘ε–ξ“c (now Mino City) developed. In the Edo period the most important, representative type of minogami was naogami ’ΌŽ†, also read jikishi, used for sliding doors *akarishouji –ΎαŽq. Shoujigami needs to be translucent, with a well ordered, faultless alignment of paper fibres. To achieve this, the paper pulp in the frame was shaken not only vertically, as is usual, but also from left to right yokoyuri ‰‘—h‚θ, a special feature of the Mino technique. Some Edo period sources also name shoinshi ‘‰@Ž† as a very famous mino paper used for *shouji αŽq. The term shoinshi was even used on occasion to refer to minogami. In 1969 a group was set up to preserve traditional paper making in Mino, and the so-called original minogami or honminogami –{”ό”ZŽ†, was declared an important intangible cultural asset. Minogami occasionally refers to one specific type of paper produced in the Mino region, as opposed to being a generic term.
In *ukiyo-e •‚’ŠG, minogami was used for prints before 1760's, before the development of full-color printing *nishiki-e ‹ΡŠG. Minogami is generally cut approximately 33 x 46 cm, and the major print formats *hangata ”»Œ^ cut from it are: *ooooban ‘εX”», *ooban ‘ε”», and *hosoban Χ”». In addition, a thin but strong minogami, which has been valued as a backing paper for book-binding, was often used for a master drawing by artists and for trial prints of full-color prints.
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