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Kongoukai hachijuuisson mandara@ΰEͺ\κΈΦδΆ | ||||||
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography | ||||||
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Lit. Eighty-one Deity Mandala of the Adamantine Realm. A variety of *Kongoukai mandara ΰEΦδΆ which are the major mandala of Esoteric Buddhism mikkyou §³, representing the two realms, the Adamantine and the matrix or womb realm. A mandala *mandara ΦδΆ composed of 81 deities, consisting of the Five Wisdom Tathagatas *gochi nyorai άq@, Sixteen Great Bodhisattvas juuroku daibosatsu \ZεμF, Four Paramita Bodhisattvas shiharamitsu bosatsu lg ¨μF, Eight Offering Bodhisattvas hachikuyou bosatsu ͺ{μF, Sixteen Deities of the Auspicious Aeon gengou juurokuson « \ZΈ, gods of the four elements shidaijin lε_, twenty gods of the heavens nijitten ρ\V and four *myouou Ύ€. There are also some examples in which the 1,000 Buddhas of the "auspicious aeon" gengou « (Sk: bhadrakalpa) are depicted in the outer periphery together with the gengou juurokuson. This mandala corresponds to the central assembly, Joushin-e ¬gο of the *Kue mandara γοΦδΆ , but whereas in the Kue mandara the four Buddhas other than *Dainichi εϊ among the gochi nyorai are depicted as Tathagatas, in this mandala they all assume the form of bodhisattvas; in addition, the deities are seated on animals and there are also considerable differences in iconographical detail and in the selection of deities. The Kongoukai hachijuuissoin mandara was brought from China to Japan by Ennin ~m (794-864), and has been used primarily in the Esoteric branch of the Tendai Vδ sect (Taimitsu δ§), where it has often been used together with the *Taizoukai mandara Ω EΦδΆ as one of the two mandalas forming the *Ryoukai mandara ΌEΦδΆ which are used to illuminate the two basic scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism. This mandala was, however, also used in the Shingon ^Ύ sect, and there are in addition instances of Taimitsu Ryoukai mandara in which the Kue mandara is used instead of the Kongoukai hachijuuisson mandara (e.g., Shitennouj lV€, Osaka); it is therefore incorrect to consider all examples of this mandala to be connected with the Tendai sect. Representative of extant examples of this mandala are those kept at the Nezu ͺΓ Museum in Tokyo and Taizanji ΎR in Hyougo prefecture, both of Tendai origin. Of these, the former is originally from Kongourinji ΰΦ in Shiga prefecture, where it is thought to have constituted a pair of Ryoukai mandara together with a Taizoukai mandara no longer extant. | ||||||
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. fΪΜeLXgEΚ^ECXgΘΗASΔΜRecΜ³f‘»E]ΪπΦΆά·B |
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