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Kongoukai hachijuuisson mandara@‹ΰ„ŠE”ͺ\ˆκ‘Έ™ΦδΆ—…
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography
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Lit. Eighty-one Deity Mandala of the Adamantine Realm. A variety of *Kongoukai mandara ‹ΰ„ŠE™ΦδΆ—… which are the major mandala of Esoteric Buddhism mikkyou –§‹³, representing the two realms, the Adamantine and the matrix or womb realm. A mandala *mandara ™ΦδΆ—… composed of 81 deities, consisting of the Five Wisdom Tathagatas *gochi nyorai Œά’q”@—ˆ, Sixteen Great Bodhisattvas juuroku daibosatsu \˜Z‘ε•μŽF, Four Paramita Bodhisattvas shiharamitsu bosatsu Žl”g—…–¨•μŽF, Eight Offering Bodhisattvas hachikuyou bosatsu ”ͺ‹Ÿ—{•μŽF, Sixteen Deities of the Auspicious Aeon gengou juurokuson Œ«…\˜Z‘Έ, gods of the four elements shidaijin Žl‘ε_, twenty gods of the heavens nijitten “ρ\“V and four *myouou –Ύ‰€. There are also some examples in which the 1,000 Buddhas of the "auspicious aeon" gengou Œ«… (Sk: bhadrakalpa) are depicted in the outer periphery together with the gengou juurokuson. This mandala corresponds to the central assembly, Joushin-e ¬g‰ο of the *Kue mandara ‹γ‰ο™ΦδΆ—…, but whereas in the Kue mandara the four Buddhas other than *Dainichi ‘ε“ϊ among the gochi nyorai are depicted as Tathagatas, in this mandala they all assume the form of bodhisattvas; in addition, the deities are seated on animals and there are also considerable differences in iconographical detail and in the selection of deities. The Kongoukai hachijuuissoin mandara was brought from China to Japan by Ennin ‰~m (794-864), and has been used primarily in the Esoteric branch of the Tendai “V‘δ sect (Taimitsu ‘δ–§), where it has often been used together with the *Taizoukai mandara ‘Ω‘ ŠE™ΦδΆ—… as one of the two mandalas forming the *Ryoukai mandara —ΌŠE™ΦδΆ—… which are used to illuminate the two basic scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism. This mandala was, however, also used in the Shingon ^ŒΎ sect, and there are in addition instances of Taimitsu Ryoukai mandara in which the Kue mandara is used instead of the Kongoukai hachijuuisson mandara (e.g., Shitennouj Žl“V‰€Ž›, Osaka); it is therefore incorrect to consider all examples of this mandala to be connected with the Tendai sect. Representative of extant examples of this mandala are those kept at the Nezu ͺ’Γ Museum in Tokyo and Taizanji ‘ΎŽRŽ› in Hyougo prefecture, both of Tendai origin. Of these, the former is originally from Kongourinji ‹ΰ„—ΦŽ› in Shiga prefecture, where it is thought to have constituted a pair of Ryoukai mandara together with a Taizoukai mandara no longer extant.
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
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