@
katsuma mandara@γΉ–™ΦδΆ—…
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography
@
A form of mandala *mandara ™ΦδΆ—… in which the deities are represented by means of cast-metal, wooden or clay images in three dimensions, as opposed to the more usual two dimensional forms. The term katsuma mandara is a transcription of the Sanskrit; karma mandala, meaning action mandara, and it constitutes one of the four types of mandara *shishu mandara ŽlŽν™ΦδΆ—…; whereas the daimandara ‘ε™ΦδΆ—… (great mandara), depicting the deities in their physical form, represents the Buddhas' mystery of the body shinmitsu g–§, in Japan the katsuma mandara is considered to symbolize the Buddhas' activities for the salvation of sentient beings . In the case of Japan, 21 images (of which fifteen of the original images are extant) based on the *Kongoukai mandara ‹ΰ„ŠE™ΦδΆ—… and Ninnougyou gohou shoson-zu m‰€ŒoŒά•ϋ”‘Έ} (Diagram of the Deities of the Five Directions in the NINNOUGYOU) were erected by *Kuukai ‹σŠC (774-835) in Touji *Koudou “ŒŽ›u“°, Kyoto, and thereafter three-dimensional mandalas were produced throughout the Heian period. There is said to have been a mandala hall mandaradou ™ΦδΆ—…“° containing a three-dimensional *Hokuto mandara –k“l™ΦδΆ—… at Hosshouji –@ŸŽ›, Kyoto, founded by Emperor Shirakawa ”’‰Ν in 1077, and a hall named Ryoukaidou —ΌŠE“° containing complete images of the deities of the *Ryoukai mandara —ΌŠE™ΦδΆ—… at Chuusonji ’†‘ΈŽ› (12c) in Iwate prefecture, but neither remains today. An extant example of a katsuma mandara is the small three-dimensional work representing deities from the Kongoukai mandara (with the *gochi nyorai Œά’q”@—ˆ and four paramita bodhisattvas shiharamitsu bosatsu Žl”g—…–¨•μŽF shown in their physical form and the other deities represented by symbolic objects) that was unearthed from a sutra mound kyouzuka Œo’Λ at Nachi “ί’q in Wakayama prefecture.
@
@

@
REFERENCES:
@
EXTERNAL LINKS: 
@@
NOTES
@

(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
ŒfΪ‚ΜƒeƒLƒXƒgEŽΚ^EƒCƒ‰ƒXƒg‚ȂǁA‘S‚Δ‚ΜƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Μ–³’f•‘»E“]Ϊ‚π‹Φ‚Ά‚ά‚·B
@