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kamayadate 釜屋建て | ||||||
KEY WORD : architecture / folk dwellings | ||||||
A particular
type of divided roof style *buntougata
分棟型, where the raised floor living rooms, kyoshitsubu 居室部, constituted
one building and the earth-floored area *doma
土間, a second. Found in farmhouses, nouka 農家, of the Edo period in
the Mikawa 三河 district of Aichi prefecture and the western extremity of
Shizuoka prefecture. The two buildings were contiguous and together functioned
as a single dwelling unit. The roof ridges *mune
棟, of the two buildings were at right angles to each other; the raised-floor
living area had an entrance on the non-gable side *hirairi
平入, and the earth-floored area doma had an entrance on the gabled side of the building *tsumairi
妻入. A large valley gutter drained the vulnerable gap where the two structures
met. The earth-floored area was called *kamaya
釜屋 in Mikawa and W. Shizuoka, which accounts for the name kamayadate.
The kamaya functioned as a kitchen but also contained a stable *umaya
馬屋. Since the beam-span direction *harima
梁間 of the main dwelling house matched the ridge direction *ketayuki
桁行, of the kamaya, the plan was at first sight identical to that
of a conventional, horizontally aligned building sugoya 真屋. The plan
of the living area was usually of the four room, cross-in-square type, ta-no-jigata
田の字型. To judge from surviving examples, this style became widespread in
farmhouses during the mid-18c. |
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