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jikkai-zu@\E} | ||||||
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography | ||||||
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Lit.
Picture of the ten realms. In Buddhism the ten realms jikkai
\E refer to the ten realms of being, which are divided into two groups.
The first group comprises the six realms of transmigratory existence, which
are those of gods tenjou Vγ (see *ten
V), humans jin l, demigods *Ashura
’C
, animals chikushou {Ά, hungry ghosts *gaki
μS and hell jigoku n. The second group comprises the four realms
of enlightened existence, which are the realms of listeners to the Buddhist
teachings shoumon Ί·, self-enlightened beings engaku o,
bodhisattvas *bosatsu
μF and Buddhas hotoke §. The first six are collectively known as
the six paths rokudou ZΉ, and depictions of these are
called *rokudou-e
ZΉG. Depictions of all ten realms are rare; there was formerly a set of
thirty hanging scrolls at Shoujuraigouji ΉO} (Shiga prefecture) dating
from the mid-Kamakura period, but only the fifteen representing the "six
paths" have survived. In a variation called "picture of the ten
Dharama-realms for perfect and sudden meditation on the mind" Endon kanjin juuhokkai-zu
~ΪΟS\@E} found in the Tendai Vδ sect, ten circles portraying existence in
each realm are arranged around a central circle inscribed with the character
for 'mind' shin S and the whole is circumscribed by a single large
circle. The term jikkai-zu also refers to works that combine the rokudou-e
with scenes of *Amida's ’νΙ Pure Land, a format that developed with the growth
of the Pure Land faith. A reknown example in the form of two hanging scrolls
is kept at Zenrinji TΡ in Kyoto, and another example, consisting of a pair
of six-panelled folding screens, is preserved in the Oku-no-in @ at Taimadera
in Nara. The daimandara εΦδΆ
used in the *Nichiren ϊ@ sect (see *Hokke
mandara @ΨΦδΆ
) is also known as the ten-realm mandala jikkai mandara \EΦδΆ
because it includes the ten realms, and it
too might be regarded as a variation of this genre. |
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. fΪΜeLXgEΚ^ECXgΘΗASΔΜRecΜ³f‘»E]ΪπΦΆά·B |
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