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jikkai-zu@\ŠE}
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography
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Lit. Picture of the ten realms. In Buddhism the ten realms jikkai \ŠE refer to the ten realms of being, which are divided into two groups. The first group comprises the six realms of transmigratory existence, which are those of gods tenjou “Vγ (see *ten “V), humans jin l, demigods *Ashura ˆ’C—…, animals chikushou ’{Ά, hungry ghosts *gaki ‰μ‹S and hell jigoku ’n–. The second group comprises the four realms of enlightened existence, which are the realms of listeners to the Buddhist teachings shoumon Ί•·, self-enlightened beings engaku ‰Šo, bodhisattvas *bosatsu •μŽF and Buddhas hotoke •§. The first six are collectively known as the six paths rokudou ˜Z“Ή, and depictions of these are called *rokudou-e ˜Z“ΉŠG. Depictions of all ten realms are rare; there was formerly a set of thirty hanging scrolls at Shoujuraigouji ΉO—ˆŒ}Ž› (Shiga prefecture) dating from the mid-Kamakura period, but only the fifteen representing the "six paths" have survived. In a variation called "picture of the ten Dharama-realms for perfect and sudden meditation on the mind" Endon kanjin juuhokkai-zu ‰~“ΪŠΟS\–@ŠE} found in the Tendai “V‘δ sect, ten circles portraying existence in each realm are arranged around a central circle inscribed with the character for 'mind' shin S and the whole is circumscribed by a single large circle. The term jikkai-zu also refers to works that combine the rokudou-e with scenes of *Amida's ˆ’–ν‘Ι Pure Land, a format that developed with the growth of the Pure Land faith. A reknown example in the form of two hanging scrolls is kept at Zenrinji ‘T—ΡŽ› in Kyoto, and another example, consisting of a pair of six-panelled folding screens, is preserved in the Oku-no-in ‰œ‰@ at Taimadera “––ƒŽ› in Nara. The daimandara ‘ε™ΦδΆ—… used in the *Nichiren “ϊ˜@ sect (see *Hokke mandara –@‰Ψ™ΦδΆ—…) is also known as the ten-realm mandala jikkai mandara \ŠE™ΦδΆ—… because it includes the ten realms, and it too might be regarded as a variation of this genre.
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
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