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hachiman-zukuri 八幡造 | ||||||
KEY WORD : architecture / shrines | ||||||
A style of shrine architecture characterized by
a structure which from the side-view gives the impression of two separate buildings
with parallel ridges placed one behind the other, each with its own gable roof
*kirizuma yane 切妻屋根.
A rain gutter *toi 樋, joins
the eaves of the two roofs. The space that results between the two buildings is
enclosed to form a 1-bay deep room *ai-no-ma
相の間. The width of this intermediate space varies from shrine to shrine as does
the height of the floor. Generally, the rear building is 3 X 2 bays and the front
one 3 X 1 bays. The entrances are placed in the central bays of each building
and the step canopy *kouhai
向拝, is extended over the stairs of the front building. The rear building is the
principal sanctuary and is usually called *honden
本殿 although it may also be called naiden 内殿, *naijin
内陣 or *shouden 正殿. The front
building is called *haiden 拝殿,
*gejin 外陣 or geden
外殿. The twin halls *narabidou
双堂, may have been associated with Buddhist architecture which had a *shoudou
正堂 and worship hall *raidou
礼堂, at the back and front of the building respectively. However, shrine halls
of this type are not open for use even to ordinary priests as both are occupied
only by the deity, kami 神. At the Usa Hachimanguu 宇佐八幡宮, Ooita prefecture and Iwashimizu
Hachimanguu 石清水八幡宮, Kyoto, the front area has a chair and the rear area has a raised
curtained dais, michou 御帳 or choudai 帖台. This furniture is of Heian
vintage. Daises were used in the bedroom and chairs were used in the room used
during the daytime. It is presumed by some scholars that since such expressions
as dedono 出殿 (departure hall) referred to the front area in the twin
hall type shrine the kami could change easily from the rear to front hall
and return at will. The use of latticed-mounted board doors *shitomido
蔀戸, on the front, double-leaf doors *tsumado
妻戸 on the gable side at each end of the ai-no-ma, and simple boat-shaped
brackets *funahijiki
舟肘木, in hachiman style shrine buildings, strongly suggests a close relationship
with the Heian period aristocratic style dwellings *shinden-zukuri
寝殿造. Another possible source for the hachiman-zukuri might have been drawn from
the parallel double ridges known to have existed in early palace architecture.
The earliest extant buildings in this style date from the Edo period, and only
five survive. Examples: Usa Hachimanguu Honden and Haiden ;
Iwashimizu Hachimanguu Honden and Haiden ; Ima Hachimanguu 今八幡宮 Honden and Haiden, Yamaguchi prefecture. |
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System. No reproduction or republication without written permission. 掲載のテキスト・写真・イラストなど、全てのコンテンツの無断複製・転載を禁じます。 |
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