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Genzu mandara@»}ΦδΆ | ||||||
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography | ||||||
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Genzu
mandala. A version of the *Taizoukai
mandara Ω EΦδΆ
that is widely used today in Japan. The original
version, brought to Japan from China by *Kuukai
σC (774-835), was kept at Touji , Kyoto, but because it began to show
signs of wear in Kuukai's later years, a copy was made in 821 (Kounin Om 12), this first copy is known as the Kounin
version. The version presently used at Touji is the fourth copy, made in
the Genroku ³\ era (late 17c), and is known as the Genroku version. In addition,
three mandala *mandara
ΦδΆ
, fragments were discovered in 1954 in the attic of the treasure house
Houzou σ at Touji, and of these the so-called kouhon b{ (version
A) is thought to be a fragment of the second copy of the Genzu mandara,
made in 1191, while the so-called Einin im version is thought to be a fragment
of the third copy, made in 1296 (Einin 4). The Genzu mandara is considered
to have been brought to completion by Kuukai's teacher, Huiguo (Jp: Keika bΚ, 746-805), and it represents the final form of the Taizoukai
mandara, which evolved from the mandala of the DAINICHIKYOU εϊo
(Sk:Vairocanabhisambodhi sutra via the *Taizou
zuzou Ω } and *Taizou
kyuuzuyou Ω }l. Its composition varies somewhat, but it consists
of approximately 400 deities systematically arranged in 12 sections called
Chuudai hachiyouin δͺt@, Henchi-in Υm@, Jimyouin Ύ@, Rengebu-in @Ψ@,
Kongoushu-in ΰθ@, Shaka-in ίή@, Kokuuzouin σ @, Monju-in Άκ@, Soshitsuji-in
/ Soshitchi-in h»n@, Jizouin n @, Jogaishouin Wα@ and Gekongoubu-in Oΰ@.
Compared with the approximately 120 deities mentioned in the DAINICHI-KYOU
this represents a more than threefold increase in the number of deities.
The term genzu »} (current depiction) was first used by Godai-in
Annen άε@ΐR (841-889/898?) of the Tendai Vδ sect. Later, in his SHOSETSU
FUDOUKI ΰs―L a detailed comparison of the iconography of the deities
depicted in the Taizoukai mandara, the imperial prince and Buddhist
priest Shinjaku ^β (886-927) used the term to designate the orthodox Taizoukai
mandara as transmitted by Kuukai in contradistinction to that
brought to Japan by Shuuei @b (809-84) and that preserved in the Tendai
sect, and it subsequently passed into general usage. The term genzu
should therefore be used to refer to the current depiction of the Taizoukai
mandara. There are, however, some art historians who use the term Genzu
Kongoukai mandara »}ΰEΦδΆ
to refer to the current depiction of the *Kongoukai
mandara ΰEΦδΆ
, viz. *Kue
mandara γοΦδΆ
, but this usage is inappropriate. To date examples
of the Taizoukai mandara that have been discovered are slightly different
than the Shouei versions and Tendai version alluded to by Shinjaku, but
the differences between these versions and the Genzu mandara are
not as marked as those between the Genzu mandara and the Taizou
zuzou and Taizou kyuuzuyou and they may therefore be regarded
as variants of the Genzu mandara in a broad sense. |
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. fΪΜeLXgEΚ^ECXgΘΗASΔΜRecΜ³f‘»E]ΪπΦΆά·B |
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