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e-ingakyou@ŠGˆφ‰ΚŒo
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography
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Lit. Illustrated Scripture of Cause and Effect. Also known as Kako genzai ingakyou emaki ‰ί‹ŽŒ»έˆφ‰ΚŒoŠGŠͺ. The KAKO GENZAI INGAKYOU ‰ί‹ŽŒ»έˆφ‰ΚŒo (frequently abbreviated to INGAKYOU ˆφ‰ΚŒo) or illustrated handscroll of The Scripture of Past and Present Cause and Effect. A Buddhist text that belongs to the genre of biographies of the historical Buddha *Shaka Žί‰ή. It was translated into Chinese in the mid-5c by Gunabhadra (Jp: Gunabatsudara ‹“ίζλ‘Ι—…), and has four fascicles. It adopts an autobiographical format, with Shaka relating events in his past lives and in his historical life up to the conversion of his first 1,250 disciples. The underlying message of the work is that good deeds performed in former lives resulted in the Buddha's attainment of enlightenment in the last of his lives in human form. The illustrated versions of this scripture, composed of eight fascicles, take the form of illustrated handscrolls *emaki ŠGŠͺ divided horizontally, with the illustrations printed above the text. The earliest examples in Japan, thought to be copies of a Chinese original from the Sui dynasty, date from the Nara period and represent the earliest extant illustrated handscrolls known in Japan. Important versions from this period include those of Joubonrendaiji γ•i˜@‘δŽ›, Daigoji ‘ηŒνŽ› both in Kyoto, and Tokyo University of Fine Arts and Music, but they are incomplete, each consisting of only one fascicle. Copies of this illustrated scripture continued to be made through the Heian and Kamakura periods and even later, and those of the Kamakura period are known as SHIN-INGAKYOU Vˆφ‰ΚŒo (The New Scripture of Cause and Effect). The earlier versions of the Nara period, are known as KO-INGAKYOU ŒΓˆφ‰ΚŒo (The Old Scriptures of Cause and Effect). Although the illustrations have generally been executed in color, the Shoutokuji Ή“ΏŽ› (in Aichi prefecture) version dating from the late 12c is an ink line painting *hakubyou ”’•`.
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REFERENCES:
*butsuden-zu •§“`}, *honjou-zu –{Ά}.
EXTERNAL LINKS: 
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NOTES
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
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